ELTON MAYO AND F.J. ROETHLISBERGER AND THE HAWTHORNE STUDIES
Elton Manyo, J.F. Roethlisberger, and others undertook the famous experiments at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company between 1927 and 1932. Earlier, from 1924 to 1927 the National Research Council made a study in collaboration with western Electric to determine the effect of illumination and other conditions on workers and their productivity. Finding that productivity improved when illumination was either increased of decreased for a test group, the researchers were about to declare the whole experiment a failure. However, Mayo of Harvard saw in it something unusual and, with Roethlisberger and others, continued the research. What Mayo and his colleagues found, partly on the basis of the earlier thinking of Vilfredo Pareto, was to have a dramatic effect on management thought. Changing illumination for the test group, modifying rest periods, shortening workdays, and varying incentive pay systems did not seem to explain changes in productivity. Mayo and his researchers then came to the conclusion that other factors were responsible. They found, in general, that the improvement in productivity was due to such social factors as moral, satisfactory interrelationships between members of a work group (a sense of belonging), and effective management-- a kind of managing that takes into account human behavior, especially group behavior, and serves it through such interpersonal skills as motivating, counseling, and communicating. This phenomenon, arising basically from people being "noticed," has been named the Hawthorne effect.
HERE ARE SOME SITES FOR YOUR BETTER FUTURE, LEARN ABOUT BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT, COMMUNICATION AND MORE AND MORE:-
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CONVERSATION CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE MODERN WORLD WHAT IS HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT?THE GLOBAL COMMUNICATION CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND PUBLIC SPEAKING
HOW TO SPEAK TO PUBLIC
FREE SOLUTION OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
THE BASIC FUNCTIONS OF MASS COMMUNICATION
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CONVERSATION
THE VISUAL AIDS
TOOLS OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
WHAT IS MASS COMMUNICATION
PERSIAN AND GREEK INFLUENCE
THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION
THE GREAT INDIAN MUSIC
RAISE OF CLASSIC MUSIC: RAGAS
THE SPEECH COMMUNICATION PROCESS
GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVING GOOD VOICE QUALITY
PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CRITICAL THINKING
POST INDUS MUSIC
APPLYING THE POWER OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
Elton Manyo, J.F. Roethlisberger, and others undertook the famous experiments at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company between 1927 and 1932. Earlier, from 1924 to 1927 the National Research Council made a study in collaboration with western Electric to determine the effect of illumination and other conditions on workers and their productivity. Finding that productivity improved when illumination was either increased of decreased for a test group, the researchers were about to declare the whole experiment a failure. However, Mayo of Harvard saw in it something unusual and, with Roethlisberger and others, continued the research. What Mayo and his colleagues found, partly on the basis of the earlier thinking of Vilfredo Pareto, was to have a dramatic effect on management thought. Changing illumination for the test group, modifying rest periods, shortening workdays, and varying incentive pay systems did not seem to explain changes in productivity. Mayo and his researchers then came to the conclusion that other factors were responsible. They found, in general, that the improvement in productivity was due to such social factors as moral, satisfactory interrelationships between members of a work group (a sense of belonging), and effective management-- a kind of managing that takes into account human behavior, especially group behavior, and serves it through such interpersonal skills as motivating, counseling, and communicating. This phenomenon, arising basically from people being "noticed," has been named the Hawthorne effect.
HERE ARE SOME SITES FOR YOUR BETTER FUTURE, LEARN ABOUT BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT, COMMUNICATION AND MORE AND MORE:-
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CONVERSATION CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE MODERN WORLD WHAT IS HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT?THE GLOBAL COMMUNICATION CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND PUBLIC SPEAKING
HOW TO SPEAK TO PUBLIC
FREE SOLUTION OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
THE BASIC FUNCTIONS OF MASS COMMUNICATION
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CONVERSATION
THE VISUAL AIDS
TOOLS OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
WHAT IS MASS COMMUNICATION
PERSIAN AND GREEK INFLUENCE
THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION
THE GREAT INDIAN MUSIC
RAISE OF CLASSIC MUSIC: RAGAS
THE SPEECH COMMUNICATION PROCESS
GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVING GOOD VOICE QUALITY
PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CRITICAL THINKING
POST INDUS MUSIC
APPLYING THE POWER OF PUBLIC SPEAKING